Negotiating shared secrets over public channels, mathematical validation proof, and MITM vulnerabilities.
1. Diffie-Hellman Exchange Walkthrough
2. Mathematical Proof of Equality
Alice's calculation: S_Alice = B^a mod p = (g^b mod p)^a mod p = g^(b*a) mod p Bob's calculation: S_Bob = A^b mod p = (g^a mod p)^b mod p = g^(a*b) mod p Since multiplication is commutative (a * b = b * a), g^(a*b) ≡ g^(b*a) mod p.