One-way mathematical maps, preimage resistance properties, the Avalanche Effect, and the Birthday Paradox collision math.
1. Core Properties of Cryptographic Hashes
2. The Avalanche Effect
The Avalanche Effect means a single bit change in the input completely alters the output digest, making the new hash appear uncorrelated with the original. This prevents attackers from guessing the input based on changes in the output.
3. Collision Math: The Birthday Paradox
Why finding collisions is much easier than finding the original input for a given hash.
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